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The University of Southern California’s (USC) Joint Educational Project’s STEM Education Programs hosted a three-day summer workshop focused on marine microbiology and coastal deoxygenation for high school educators. To increase ocean literacy in high school students from Title I schools, topical marine science research was translated into four lesson plans appropriate for classrooms that teach biology and environmental science. The lesson plans focus on how marine microbes affect and are affected by the dissolved oxygen content of seawater but covered diverse oceanography topics including microbial ecology, nutrient cycling, physical ocean dynamics, and climate change. This education framework was designed to promote and facilitate hands on discovery-based learning and making observations about the natural world. The workshop and lesson plan development were executed in partnership with faculty and graduate students researching marine microbes and oceanography from USC’s Marine and Environmental Biology department to provide scientific expertise on the subject matter. At the workshop, educators were guided through each lesson plan and given classroom sets of materials to complete each of the experiments in their own classrooms. Educators also had the opportunity to experience the academic research process at both USC and the Wrigley Institute of Environmental Studies on Catalina Island, California. Teachers valued this interactive experience to learn from professional scientists and STEM educators. They left the workshop equipped with the knowledge and confidence to teach these marine microbiology and biogeochemistry concepts in their classrooms. 

In many oceanic regions, anthropogenic warming will coincide with iron (Fe) limitation. Interactive effects between warming and Fe limitation on phytoplankton physiology and biochemical function are likely, as temperature and Fe availability affect many of the same essential cellular pathways. However, we lack a clear understanding of how globally significant phytoplankton such as the picocyanobacteriaSynechococcuswill respond to these co-occurring stressors, and what underlying molecular mechanisms will drive this response. Moreover, ecotype-specific adaptations can lead to nuanced differences in responses between strains. In this study,Synechococcusisolates YX04-1 (oceanic) and XM-24 (coastal) from the South China Sea were acclimated to Fe limitation at two temperatures, and their physiological and proteomic responses were compared. Both strains exhibited reduced growth due to warming and Fe limitation. However, coastal XM-24 maintained relatively higher growth rates in response to warming under replete Fe, while its growth was notably more compromised under Fe limitation at both temperatures compared with YX04-1. In response to concurrent heat and Fe stress, oceanic YX04-1 was better able to adjust its photosynthetic proteins and minimize the generation of reactive oxygen species while reducing proteome Fe demand. Its intricate proteomic response likely enabled oceanic YX04-1 to mitigate some of the negative impact of warming on its growth during Fe limitation. Our study highlights how ecologically-shaped adaptations inSynechococcusstrains even from proximate oceanic regions can lead to differing physiological and proteomic responses to these climate stressors.